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December 1, 2023
3 min study
Black gap solar the deepest mine
1973, Fly’s Eye: The eye of a mosaic fly (which has primary and mutant genotypes) “is an array of hexagonal ommatidia, just about every made up of eight photoreceptor cells (circles) and two key pigment cells (crescents), surrounded by 6 shared secondary pigment cells (ovals). The reality that a solitary ommatidium can have white and regular genotypes shows its cells are not always descended from a common ancestral cell.”
Scientific American, Vol. 229, No. 6 December 1973
1973
Nobel Prize Winners, No Ph.D. Wanted
“The 1973 Nobel prize in physics was awarded to Leo Esaki and Ivar Giaever ‘for their experimental discoveries about tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors respectively,’ and to Brian Josephson ‘for his theoretical predictions of the homes of a supercurrent by way of a tunnel barrier.’ Tunneling happens mainly because particles have the qualities of waves such waves do not halt abruptly at a barrier but penetrate some tiny but measurable distance. It is outstanding that all a few of the recipients did their prizewinning perform in advance of they had been given their doctorate.”
1923
Edison Influenced by Gas lighting
“There are 350,000,000 incandescent lamps in the U.S. and about an equivalent selection in overseas international locations. When Edison very first researched incandescent light, business arc lights operated on the ‘series’ system, the only technique for distributing electrical power regarded. Present created in the dynamo flowed by way of the industry coils, out to one lamp right after a different around a wire, then again to the dynamo. One lamp could not be turned on or off without having accomplishing the identical with all the others. Edison understood it in no way would be satisfactory for residence lights. He resolved to sample electric powered lights right after gasoline lighting, with which it would compete. He reasoned that a continuous-tension process could be produced similar to that of fuel. In 1879 he designed a dynamo which met each and every need, and a carbon lamp in which the filament consisted of a carbonized piece of everyday thread. On October 21, 1879, latest was turned into the lamp and it lasted forty-5 several hours. All incandescent lamps right now embody the original characteristics.”
The Deepest Mine
“The deepest hole in the earth is a gold mine in Brazil, recognised as the Morro Velho or St. John del Rey mine. The St. John del Rey Mining Company has been doing the job it virtually repeatedly given that 1834. The mine is now 6,726 toes below the surface area. The temperature of the rock at the most affordable stage is 117 degrees. The miners function in an air temperature of 98 degrees. The outdoors air has an regular temperature of 68 levels, but is cooled to 42 levels prior to currently being compelled to the least expensive degrees by effective fans. On its way it gains warmth from the rocks and from its personal compression, due to the fact air at that fantastic depth is considerably denser than air at sea degree.”
1873
Impervious Solar Will Eliminate Us All
“The New Orleans Picayune tersely gives the effects of the learned scientific Us residents who these days fulfilled in Portland. ‘Professor Young tells us that the sun is nothing at all but a gigantic spherical mass of gaseous subject, which is consistently currently being contracted by the gradual cooling of its outside circumference. The central kernel of this massive star will always at last be crusted over with a thick, impervious coating, as a result of which neither light nor heat can perhaps achieve us. The consequence, as significantly as we are concerned, will be complete darkness, intense chilly, the conclusion of animal existence and a return to primeval chaos.’”
Competing Routes for Panama Canal
“The Secretary of the Navy states that the two expeditions approved by Congress to study a canal route amongst the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans have completed their labors. The Darien expedition has picked a route including 100 miles of river navigation of the Atrato. Concerning this river and the Pacific a canal is required, 28 miles in size. The Nicaragua expedition has determined a practicable route obtaining Lake Nicaragua as its summit. It is proposed to hook up this lake with the Pacific by a canal 16.33 miles in size an impartial canal 41.9 miles in length is required. The Darien appears to be much a lot more immediate and much easier to construct.”
In 1902 the Isthmian Canal Fee determined on a 3rd route, which turned the Panama Canal of these days.
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